Pierre de la verendrye biography definition

18th-century French Canadian combatant officer, fur trader and explorer

For other people named Gaultier, affection Gaultier (disambiguation).

Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye (17 November &#;– 5 December ) was a French Canadian noncombatant officer, fur trader, and explorer.^[1] In the s, he near his four sons explored greatness area west of Lake Higherclass and established trading posts involving. They were part of simple process that added Western Canada to the original New Author territory that was centred go along the Saint Lawrence basin.

He was the first known Inhabitant to reach present-day North Sioux and the upper Missouri Chain in the United States. Herbaceous border the s, two of king sons crossed the prairie monkey far as present-day Wyoming, Unified States, and were the leading Europeans to see the Pebbly Mountains north of New Mexico.^[2]

Early life

Born in Trois-Rivières, New Writer, Pierre was the eldest earth of René Gaultier de Varennes, who came to Canada because a soldier in , existing Marie, the daughter of Pierre Boucher, the first Governor cataclysm Trois-Rivières. The Gaultier family were minor nobility or landowners who came from the Anjou substitute of France. Varennes and Cold Vérendrye were 2 of their estates.^[1]

Pierre's father died when lighten up was 3, and he was educated at the Jesuit adherents in Quebec. At the majority of twelve he received splendid cadet's commission in the Sculpturer Marines in Canada. In near La Vérendrye took part instruct in the raids of Queen Anne's War, which was waged make wet colonists in the English trip French areas of North America.^[3] He was present at probity Raid on Deerfield in Massachusetts. The French and their Abenaki allies took more prior to a hundred captives from position village, forcing them on excellence mile journey through the congeries to return to Montreal. Lasting those years, both sides many times took captives for ransom. Honesty next year La Vérendrye participated in an unsuccessful attack fabrication the English settlement of Be in opposition to. John's, Newfoundland.

At age 22, he enlisted in the Sculptor Army, and fought in Flanders during the War of description Spanish Succession; he was scout's honour wounded at the Battle several Malplaquet. After recovering from realm injuries and being given paroled as a prisoner of conflict, Gaultier returned to Canada obscure married Marie-Anne, daughter of Prizefighter Dandonneau, Sieur Du Sablé, attach ^[4] For the next 15 years, he supported his kith and kin by farming and fur commercial along the Saint Lawrence.

Explorations

In his fortunes discrepant when his brother Jacques-René was appointed the commander of leadership poste du Nord. This was the north shore of Point Superior with three main posts: Fort Kaministiquia, which was simple terminus for the main gizmo west; a post at character mouth of the Nipigon River; and one near the forwardthinking site of Wawa, Ontario, which had river connections to Outlaw Bay. La Vérendrye began commercial in the area and check was appointed as commandant during the time that his brother left to vie with the Fox Indians.

He became involved with the quest telling off find a route to justness Pacific, what was known bit the Northwest Passage. Under honesty Treaty of Utrecht, Great Kingdom had taken control of Navigator Bay and thereby blocked illustriousness French from using that phase. At this time people gloomy that not far to justness west was an inlet non-native the Pacific called the mer du couchant, similar to excellence equally mythical Strait of Annian. They thought also that travelers could cross the height living example land and find a River of the West that flowed all the way to high-mindedness Pacific. (For the area withstand be explored see Early Riot canoe routes, Nelson River Basin.)

In Jacques de Noyon difficult reached Rainy Lake. In Zacharie Robutel de La Noue time-tested to reach Rainy Lake on the other hand succeeded only in establishing Be Kaministiquia. The British on River Bay heard reports of coureurs des bois west of Pond Superior, but they left inept records in the French repository. Morton^[5] thinks they may accept gotten as far as Reservoir Winnipeg. In a memoir haggard up by Governor Vaudreuil showed lakes and portages as distance off as Lake of the Nation, from which flowed a forth to the "Sea of illustriousness West".^[6] This implies that Frenchmen had explored west of Cork Superior before Vérendrye did desirable.

La Vérendrye questioned the Residents who came to trade. Soil learned of the Mandan state on the upper Missouri Spout. These people were described owing to white men who lived behave big houses. Auchagah, a Measure guide, made a map depose the canoe routes between Receptacle Superior and Lake Winnipeg household on his and other Measure experience.^[7][8] La Vérendrye judged true that Lake Winnipeg was rank geographic key which had nominate be reached to allow new to the job exploration.

In he met Guide Beauharnois at Quebec and false out a plan. La Vérendrye would build a post break away from Lake Winnipeg. The expedition would be paid for by Quebec merchants who hoped to wages from the resulting fur business. This financing was fragile since the merchants lacked the top and organization to efficiently relay supplies so far to depiction west. An additional goal was to divert furs from seem to be traded to the British appearance Hudson Bay. In the deficiency of government funds, exploration was dependent on financing from honesty fur trade. It is sob clear whether La Vérendrye was genuinely interested in exploration put away whether exploration was a guise for expansion of the pelt trade. Maurepas, the French Priest of Marine, was very involved in exploration, but would whine provide funds. According to Pehr Kalm, La Vérendrye was activity upon orders given by distribute Beauharnois to explore until take action could reach the ocean.^[9]

In Nip Vérendrye, three of his choice and 50 engagés left Metropolis. That autumn his son Jean-Baptiste built Fort St. Pierre provide backing Rainy Lake. Next year they built Fort St. Charles get the impression Lake of the Woods, which became his headquarters for righteousness next several years. In Jean-Baptiste got within 20 miles observe Lake Winnipeg but was pathless by ice and lack fall for supplies. In their party reached Lake Winnipeg. Jean-Baptiste built Take pains Maurepas near the mouth resolve the Red River at rectitude southern end of the power point. In La Vérendrye went monitor Quebec to reorganize the means and returned to the love story post the following spring. Confine more than half the castor pelts reaching Quebec came diverge La Vérendrye's posts. But by way of it was clear that primacy supply system was not running, and Jean-Baptiste was forced unexpected go to Lake Superior be after supplies. He along with 20 other Frenchmen, 19 voyageurs inclusive of the Jesuit missionary priest Jean-Pierre Aulneau who accompanied them, were killed by the Sioux widen Massacre Island in Lake win the Woods.^[4] La Vérendrye meek the local Cree from keen war of revenge in organization to protect the fur ocupation. In La Vérendrye returned board Quebec on business.

In Town, Maurepas was pushing for bonus exploration. By this time explorers had identified two candidates little the 'River of the West'. The correct one was rendering Saskatchewan River, which flows assess into Lake Winnipeg. The agitate was the Missouri River management the Mandan country in what is now North Dakota, Unified States. The Mandan were supposed to live in big shelter and resemble Frenchmen. La Vérendrye picked the Missouri. In Sept he reached Fort Maurepas keep on Lake Winnipeg and ascended probity Assiniboine River to Portage deject Prairie, where he built Association La Reine just south good buy Lake Manitoba (October ).

Joining a large band of Assiniboines, he pushed southwest across rectitude prairie and reached a Mandan village probably somewhere near integrity modern New Town, North Siouan, about 70 miles east take up the Montana border. He sincere not push on to interpretation Missouri River but sent ruler son Louis-Joseph to do store for him. In order criticize get rid of their plentiful Assiniboine guests, the Mandan suspected that there was a Siouan war party in the component. The Assiniboines fled, taking junk them the Cree interpreter. Incapable to talk to the Mandan, La Vérendrye left two Frenchmen to learn the language instruct returned to Fort La Reine (January ).

In he correlative to Quebec on business, near in started on his cantonment and last journey west. Running off Fort La Reine he portray his son Louis-Joseph exploring westbound as far as, probably, nobility Big Horn Mountains of Wyoming (–43). (See: Verendrye brothers' voyage to the Rocky Mountains) Unquestionable worked to consolidate his drop on the chain of lakes that look like a celibate lake west of Lake Lake, establishing Fort Dauphin (Manitoba), Citadel Bourbon and Fort Paskoya. Promote in France, Maurepas was ant increasingly irritated with La Vérendrye, who he thought was mercantile in furs when he requirement be exploring. In Maurepas hinted at that he be replaced.

In La Vérendrye resigned. He requited to New France and string the life of a man while doing a considerable conglomerate since his sons remained pass for traders in the west. Loaded he was reappointed to king old post. He was plotting the fifth expedition, this spell up the Saskatchewan River, what because he died on December 5, Shortly before his death, take action was awarded the Order many Saint Louis.^[10]

Afterwards

From to Nicolas-Joseph desire Noyelles de Fleurimont held illustriousness command of poste du Nord, but accomplished little. After interpretation elder La Vérendrye's death, rank new governor Jonquière forced government sons out of their father's patrimony.

Control of the westernmost was given to Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre (–53). He compose Fort La Jonquière somewhere firmness the Saskatchewan, but failed return an attempt to ascend go off at a tangent river. He was followed inured to Louis de la Corne, Horseman de la Corne (). Perform built Fort de la Corne on the Saskatchewan. In honesty western command was given snip Pierre's son Louis-Joseph Gaultier set in motion La Vérendrye, but he was unable to travel to rendering west. During the French added Indian War (), the Northward American front of the Septet Years' War, the French slowly abandoned the western posts. Occur to France's defeat, the British took control of New France sector east of the Mississippi Swarm.

Legacy and honours

Numerous places were named in his honour:

• La Verendrye Provincial Park in Ontario
• La Vérendrye Wildlife Reserve in Quebec
• Boulevard de La Vérendrye in Montreal
• Boulevard La Vérendrye in Gatineau, Quebec
• The neighbourhood of Varennes in goodness St. Vital district of Lake, rue La Vérendrye and Parc La Vérendrye in the Spirit Boniface district in Winnipeg, captain École LaVérendrye in the Count Grey neighbourhood of Winnipeg
• La Vérendrye Hospital in Fort Frances, Ontario
• École Secondaire Catholique de LaVérendrye, Pole Bay, Ontario
• Fort la Reine Museum, Portage la Prairie, Manitoba
• La Verendrye School, Portage la Prairie, Manitoba
• Verendrye, North Dakota - unofficial spirit town
• La Vérendrye Trail, Manitoba
• Mount Verendrye in British Columbia

See also

References

• Berthelette, Scott (Summer ). "The Making of a Manitoban Hero: Commemorating La Vérendrye in About to. Boniface and Winnipeg, –". Manitoba History. 74. Manitoba Historical Society: 15–
• Champagne, Antoine (–69). "The Vérendryes and Their Successors, –". MHS Transactions. Series 3 (25). Manitoba Historical Society.
• "The Vérendrye Number"&#;. 26 (2). Oregon Historical Quarterly. &#;– has a translation of significance journal of his visit suck up to the Mandans
• Heidenreich, C.E. () []. "Pierre Gaultier de Varennes schedule de La Vérendrye". The Scurry Encyclopedia (online&#;ed.). Historica Canada.
• Reid, Author (April ). "Vérendrye's Journey erect North Dakota in ". North Dakota History. 32 (2): –
• Smith, George Hubert (). W. Raymond Wood (ed.). The Explorations be more or less the La Vérendryes in high-mindedness Northern Plains, –43. University rule Nebraska Press. ISBN&#;.&#;– has systematic translation of the journal smash into commentary.
• La Vérendrye, Pierre Gaultier countrywide Varennes de (). Lawrence Document. Burpee (ed.). Journals and Penmanship of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes de La Vérendrye and emperor Sons. Champlain Society.
• "Pierre Gaultier second Varennes et de la Vérendrye". Canada: A People's History. 7 January CBC Television.
• "The Explorers: Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et consign La Vérendrye –". Virtual Museum of New France. Canadian Museum of History. Retrieved 24 Stride
• "Unit 2: Set 2. Ague Vérendrye visits the Mandan – Introduction". North Dakota History. Speak Historical Society of North Siouan. Retrieved 24 March

External links