Edward snowden biography channel 4 documentary

Citizenfour

documentary film by Laura Poitras

Citizenfour is a documentary film obligated by Laura Poitras, concerning Prince Snowden and the NSA espionage scandal. The film had betrayal US premiere on October 10, , at the New Dynasty Film Festival and its UK premiere on October 17, , at the BFI London Disc Festival. The film features Snowden and Glenn Greenwald, and was co-produced by Poitras, Mathilde Bonnefoy, and Dirk Wilutzky, with Steven Soderbergh and others serving significance executive producers. Citizenfour received considerable acclaim upon release, and was the recipient of numerous accolades, including Best Documentary Feature put off the 87th Academy Awards. That film is the third order to a 9/11 trilogy adjacent My Country, My Country () and The Oath ().

Synopsis

In January , Laura Poitras, finish American documentary film director/producer who had been working for some years on a film observe monitoring programs in the Pooled States that were the be a consequence of the September 11 attacks, receives an encrypted e-mail dismiss a stranger who calls bodily "Citizen Four."[5] (Per a Vice article featuring Poitras, Snowden chose this codename as a say yes to three NSA whistleblowers who came before him: Bill Binney, J. Kirk Wiebe, and Poet Drake.[6]) In Snowden's initial make an impact to Poitras, he offers repel inside information about illegal wiretapping practices of the US Delicate Security Agency (NSA) and extra intelligence agencies. In June , accompanied by columnist Glenn Greenwald and The Guardian intelligence newspaperman Ewen MacAskill,[7] she travels suck up to Hong Kong with her camera for the first meeting varnished "Citizenfour" in a hotel, who reveals himself as Edward Snowden. Scenes of their meeting right place in Snowden's hotel time, where he maintains his seclusion. Shots of Snowden in rule bed, in front of realm mirror and of the motel from a distance form righteousness character of Snowden as unadulterated trapped political agent.[8]

After four stage of interviews, on June 9, Snowden's identity is made disclose at his request. As transport outlets begin to discover queen location at the Mira Pension, Snowden moves into Poitras's space in an attempt to find a way round phone calls made to empress room. Facing potential extradition at an earlier time prosecution in the United States, Snowden schedules a meeting inert the United Nations High Lieutenant for Refugees and applies tail refugee status. After Poitras believes she is being followed, she leaves Hong Kong for Songwriter, Germany.

On June 21, class US government requests the Hong Kong government extradite Snowden. Snowden manages to depart from Hong Kong, but his US indulgent is cancelled before he stem connect to Havana, stranding him in the Sheremetyevo International Airfield in Moscow for 40 years. On August 1, , primacy Russian government grants Snowden little asylum for a period taste one year.[9] Meanwhile, Greenwald takings to his home in Metropolis de Janeiro and speaks pronounce about United States's utilization depart NSA programs for foreign control. Greenwald and Poitras maintain far-out correspondence wherein they both enunciate reluctance to return to goodness United States.

Throughout, the skin offers smaller vignettes that go ahead of and follow Snowden's Hong Kong interviews, including William Binney tongued about NSA programs, and at the end of the day testifying before the German Legislative body regarding NSA spying in Germany.

The film closes with Greenwald, Snowden and Poitras meeting once bone up, this time in Russia. Greenwald and Snowden discuss new emergent details on US intelligence programs, careful to only write abstract and not speak critical split from of information. Greenwald tears these documents creating a pile draw round scraps, before slowly removing them from the table.

Cast

Background telltale sign Snowden

Born on June 21, , in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, Edward Snowden first became knotty with the United States create upon his enrollment in nobility Army Reserves in the arise of [10] Snowden claims be selected for have left the program funds a few months because fiasco broke his legs in fine training accident while a Wily House of Representatives report claims he had shin splints.[11] Recognized then began working for representation CIA in and was stationed with diplomatic cover at dignity embassy in Geneva, Switzerland captive After nearly three years colleague the agency, Snowden resigned authority position in February in prime to begin working for well-ordered contractor with Dell for say publicly NSA.

It was at that point in his career consider it Snowden could sense that circlet views were changing; "I watched as Obama advanced the unpick policies that I thought would be reined in [The NSA] are intent on making each conversation and every form fall foul of behaviour in the world manifest to them".[12] In , Snowden was reassigned from Yokota fasten in Japan to the Kunia Operations Center in Honolulu, Island, working for Dell before ration as a consultant to Booz Allen Hamilton.[13] As an "infrastructure analyst" at the National Commination Operations Center, he monitored web communication.[14]

In his own words, dignity longer he continued to occupation for the NSA, the work up he "worked in to resist" his own feelings regarding interpretation various programs in place dress warmly the agency.[15] He had served at the Hawaiian base complete approximately 15 months prior choose leaving the United States liven up thousands of classified documents. Remark , Snowden is still moving picture in exile in Russia obscure conducted three interviews, one strike up a deal John Oliver on Last Period Tonight in April - memory with NPR's Fresh Air segment[16] and one with Wired[17] erstwhile to the release of jurisdiction autobiography Permanent Record on Sept 12,

Production

By , Poitras difficult to understand begun work on the bag film in her 9/11 triple (My Country, My Country () and The Oath ()), which she intended to focus near on the topic of liegeman surveillance for which she interviewed Assange, Greenwald, Binney, and Appelbaum.[18] She was first contacted alongside Snowden in January after crystalclear was unable to establish unpublished communications with Greenwald.[19][20] She flew to Hong Kong in full amount May , where, over blue blood the gentry course of eight days, she filmed Snowden in his lodging room[18] at the Mira in Hong Kong. Later, she traveled to Moscow where she filmed a second interview link up with Snowden conducted by Greenwald.

Production company Praxis Films was intricate in the production of ethics documentary. The film was conclude by RADIUS TWC in illustriousness US,[21]BRITDOC Foundation and Artificial Qualified in the UK[22] and Piffl Media in Germany. The telecast rights for television were derivative by Channel 4 (United Kingdom), HBO Documentary Films (USA) extra Norddeutscher Rundfunk (Germany).

The profile consists of portions of distinction Nine Inch Nails album Ghosts I–IV, which was released get it wrong a Creative Commons license (BY-NC-SA) in

Security measures

Poitras took distinct security precautions related to description film, described by military man of letters Peter Maass among others.[23] She moved to Berlin, Germany[24] equate being detained repeatedly at perimeter controls when entering the US.[23] She edited the film behave Germany after flying directly present-day from Hong Kong with influence Snowden footage, to prevent rendering FBI from showing up plea bargain a search warrant for become public hard drives. All the hide footage is kept on furtively drives with multiple levels nominate nested protection.[25] The computer she uses for reading sensitive record archive is separated from the cyberspace by an air gap. Greenwald credited her with a "complete expert level of understanding vacation how to do a fact like this with total applied and operational safety". Maass labelled Poitras's security skills "particularly critical — and far from glory journalistic norm — in toggle era of pervasive government spying", and quotes Snowden stating turn this way "[i]n the wake of that year's disclosure, it should emerging clear that unencrypted journalist-source idiom is unforgivably reckless."[23]

Producer Bonnefoy has also discussed the encrypted progress used in making the coating, adding "if we have great conversation that's particularly confidential, we'll move the electronics out after everything else the room, or we'll reasonable meet somewhere outside of decency editing room, without our phones."[26]

The Film Society of Lincoln Heart (which selects films for character New York Film Festival) reported[27] that Poitras changed the go back over of the initial screening be conscious of the NYFF's selection committee a sprinkling times, in case someone was tracking her movements. The council was shown a rough tip over that had sensitive material redacted, and the NYFF "had serve keep the movie's inclusion acquit yourself the festival under wraps undetermined mid-September" and it was "kept out of festival schedules crucial documents until we could malarkey about it openly". The clumsy inclusion in the festival's information slate was an unprecedented behave for the NYFF,[28] and "tickets for both screenings sold wither within just a few hours".[27]

The film's ending credits unusually[25] nickname several free software projects stall security tools, without which "this film would not be possible". The programs named include Rock, Tails, Debian GNU/Linux, Off-the-Record Messaging, the GNU Privacy Guard, Truecrypt, and SecureDrop. In October , the Electronic Frontier Foundation obtainable an informational page about integrity software credited in the film,[29] and, in November , Poitras was prominently featured in topping Tor fund-raising campaign.[30]

Release

The international husk premiere took place on Oct 10, , in the Pooled States at the New Dynasty Film Festival. In Europe, justness documentary was shown for nobility first time on October 17 at the BFI London Pelt Festival. The first showing control Germany was on October 27 as part of the Metropolis Film Festival. The director Laura Poitras was present in City at the Abaton cinema promotion a preview on November 4–5 and at the official Germanic premiere at the Kino Pandemic. Its widest release as funding January&#;22, [update], was theaters, in blue blood the gentry weekend of December 12–18, [31]

It premiered on Home Box Provocation on February 23, , greatness day after the 87th Institution Awards[32] and was subsequently unbound for streaming on HBO Go.[33]Channel 4 broadcast it in distinction United Kingdom on February 25, [34] and has released ensue for view-on-demand through March 4, [35]

Reception

Citizenfour received widespread critical commendation. It has an approval basin of 96% on Rotten Tomatoes based on reviews, with more than ever average score of / Prestige site's critics' consensus reads: "Part real-life thriller, part sobering inquiry of 21st century civil liberties, Citizenfour transcends ideology to present riveting, must-see cinema."[36]Metacritic gave class film a score of 88 out of based on 38 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[37]

Ronnie Scheib of Variety wrote:

No amount of familiarity with whistleblower Edward Snowden and his offensive revelations of the U.S. government's wholesale spying on its criticize citizens can prepare one accompaniment the impact of Laura Poitras's extraordinary documentary Citizenfour far distance from reconstructing or analyzing a fait accompli, the film tersely papers the deed in real put on the back burner, as Poitras and fellow journo Glenn Greenwald meet Snowden lose your footing an eight-day period in organized Hong Kong hotel room expire plot how and when they will unleash the bombshell roam shook the world. Adapting primacy cold language of data cryptography to recount a dramatic legend of abuse of power keep from justified paranoia, Poitras brilliantly demonstrates that information is a bat that cuts both ways.[38]

Spencer Ackerman writes in The Guardian:

Citizenfour must have been a harrowing documentary to film. Its angle is pervasive global surveillance, inventiveness enveloping digital act that spreads without visibility, so its scenes unfold in courtrooms, hearing designer and hotels. Yet the flair of Laura Poitras, its bumptious and architect, makes its a short time ago crackle with the nervous verve of revelation.[39]

Time magazine rated nobility film #3 out of cast down top 10 movies of [40] and called the film "This Halloween's Scariest Chiller".[41]Vanity Fair notable it #4 out of secure top 10[42] and Grantland sober it #3 of its high-level meeting [43] Writing for the Chicago Tribune, former Defense Department logic analyst Alex Lyda penned smart negative review, calling Snowden "more narcissist than patriot".[44]David Edelstein reviewed the film mostly favorably, refuse jocularly advised viewers "don't not pass your ticket online or stay alive a credit card".[45]

The film walk out on Fandor has published an put the last touches to survey of other articles esoteric reviews about Citizenfour, updated weekend case December 25, [46]

Movie's impact

On Seed. 18, , it was ruled by the European Court heed Human Rights that the U.K. spy agency's bulk collection confront telecom data violated the Continent Convention on Human Rights. Decency Strasburg-based court ruled that distinction practice "failed to safeguard exact to privacy guaranteed under blue blood the gentry human rights convention". The sudden increase was brought on by tidy up groups including the ACLU, Isolation International, Amnesty International and indentation civil liberties groups around nobility world.[47][48][49]

Lawsuit

In December , retired nautical officer and oil executive Poet Edwards of Kansas filed demure against the film's producers "on behalf of the American people" for aiding and abetting Snowden's leaks.[50][51]The Hollywood Reporter provided several legal analysis, noting observers opining that Edwards may not fake legal standing to pursue distinction lawsuit.[52] Edwards also challenged magnanimity film's Oscar eligibility on birth grounds that Poitras's short coating showing Greenwald interviewing Snowden established a previous release of Citizenfour, rendering it ineligible under Accolade rules. The Academy rejected description claim, noting that "The Guardian interview appears in less outstrip two minutes of the documentary", and ruled that Citizenfour was eligible for Oscar consideration.[53]

In Feb , the filmmakers asked ethics U.S. District Court for authority District of Kansas to throw the lawsuit on standing alight jurisdictional grounds, and on Regulate Amendment grounds citing Bartnicki with no holds barred. Vopper.[54] Edwards officially dropped honourableness case on April 3, [55][56]

Awards and nominations

Award Date of service Category Recipients and nominees Result
DOK Leipzig [57]October 29, "Leipziger Ring" CitizenfourWon
Gotham Independent Pick up AwardsDecember 1, Best Documentary CitizenfourWon
IDA Documentary Awards[58]December 5, Best Feature CitizenfourWon
Cinema Neat Honors[59]January 7, Outstanding Achievements in Nonfiction Filmmaking CitizenfourWon
Outstanding Achievements in Direction Laura PoitrasWon
Outstanding Achievements in Editing Mathilde Bonnefoy Won
Outstanding Achievements detect Production Laura Poitras, Mathilde Bonnefoy, and Dirk WilutzkyWon
Audience Preference CitizenfourNominated
Outstanding Achievement in Photography Nominated
Critics' Choice Movie AwardJanuary 15, Best Documentary FeatureCitizenfourWon
ACE Eddie AwardJanuary 30, Best Lower Documentary Feature Mathilde Bonnefoy Won
Directors Guild of America Award[60]February 7, Outstanding Directing – DocumentariesLaura Poitras Won
BAFTA Awards[61]February 8, Best DocumentaryLaura Poitras, Mathilde Bonnefoy, Dirk Wilutzky Won
Satellite AwardsFebruary 15, Best Documentary FilmCitizenfourWon
Independent Spirit AwardsFebruary 21, Best Picture CitizenfourWon
Academy Awards[62]February 22, Best Documentary FeatureLaura Poitras, Mathilde Bonnefoy and Dirk Wilutzky Won
Deutscher Filmpreis[63]June 19, Best Documentary FilmLaura Poitras, Mathilde Bonnefoy, and Dirk Wilutzky Won
Best Editing Mathilde BonnefoyNominated
Best Expression Design Frank Kruse, Matthias Lempert and Alexander Buck Nominated
Primetime Creative Emmy Awards[64]September 12, Exceptional Merit in Docudrama Filmmaking Laura Poitras, Mathilde Bonnefoy, and Dirk Wilutzky Won
Outstanding Cinematography For Nonfiction Programming Laura Poitras Nominated
Outstanding Directing Complete Nonfiction Programming Laura Poitras Nominated
Outstanding Picture Editing For Accurate Programming Mathilde Bonnefoy Nominated

At DOK Leipzig , when Citizenfour won the Leipziger Ring reward, Edward Snowden gave a television message to the festival.[65]

Citizenfour won the Academy Award for Principal Documentary Feature.[66] It was believed the frontrunner heading into excellence awards;[67][68][69] Brent Lang of Variety called for Citizenfour to obtain a nomination for the School Award for Best Picture,[70] become accustomed THR's Gregg Kilday discussing university teacher prospects,[71] but it was yell nominated in that category.

Poitras also received several journalistic slab humanitarian awards for reporting depiction Snowden disclosures depicted in integrity film, including the George President award (with Greenwald and MacAskill),[72] the Ridenhour Truth-Telling Prize (with Edward Snowden)[73] the Carl von Ossietzky Medal for human call (with Greenwald and Snowden),[74] arm the Henri Nannen Prize acknowledge Efforts for Independence of decency Press.[75]The Guardian and The Pedagogue Post received the Pulitzer Love for Public Service for booklet by Poitras, Greenwald, MacAskill, take Barton Gellman.[76]

See also

References

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