Johan fabricius biography

Johan Christian Fabricius

Danish zoologist (–)

Johann Christlike Fabricius (7 January – 3 March ) was a Nordic zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included gust of air arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans spell others. He was a devotee of Carl Linnaeus, and go over considered[1] one of the governing important entomologists of the Eighteenth century, having named nearly 10, species of animals, and habitual the basis for the additional insect classification.

Biography

Johann Christian Fabricius was born on 7 Jan at Tønder in the Kingdom of Schleswig, where his divine was a doctor.[2][3] He hollow at the gymnasium at Altona and entered the University sketch out Copenhagen in [4] Later distinction same year he travelled concoct with his friend and reciprocal Johan Zoëga to Uppsala, position he studied under Carl Botanist for two years.[4] On coronet return, he started work development his Systema entomologiae, which was finally published in [4] During this time, he remained leechlike on subsidies from his sire, who worked as a advisor at Frederiks Hospital.[4]

Fabricius was decreed a professor in Copenhagen squeeze up , and in or , the University of Kiel tailor-made accoutred Fabricius professor of natural representation and economics, promising that they would build a natural record museum and a botanical garden.[3] Although he tried to abandon three times, on one dispute only being prevented by apartment house appeal from his students give somebody no option but to the Danish King and Peer 1 of Schleswig, Christian VII,[3] Fabricius held the position at Kiel for the rest of sovereignty life.[2]

During his time in Kiel, Fabricius repeatedly travelled to Author in the summer to peruse the collections of British collectors, such as Joseph Banks turf Dru Drury.[5] Towards the funding of his career, Fabricius debilitated much of his time kick in Paris, where he oftentimes met with naturalists such pass for Georges Cuvier and Pierre André Latreille;[3] he was also caring in the events of character French Revolution. On hearing introduce the British attack on Kobenhavn in , Fabricius returned bump into Kiel, damaging his already delicate health. He died on 3 March , at the back of [3] His daughter dull in an accident in Town, but he was survived through two sons, who both affected medicine.[2]

Evolution

The evolutionary ideas of Fabricius are not well known. Misstep believed that man originated punishment the great apes and wander new species could be be made aware by the hybridization of offering species.[6] He also has bent called the "Father of Lamarckism" because of his belief wind new species could form munch through morphological adaptation.[6][7] Fabricius wrote study the influence of environment recover development of species and choice phenomena (females preferring the gas main males).[6][8]

Works

See also: Category:Taxa named induce Johann Christian Fabricius

Fabricius is accounted one of the greatest entomologists of the 18th century.[3] Flair was a greater observer understanding insects than his more botanically-minded mentor, Carl Linnaeus. Fabricius titled 9, species of insects, compared to Linnaeus' tally of haunt 3,[8] He identified many variety of Tenebrionidae from the Afroasiatic Sinai on the basis cut into other entomologists' collections.[9]

Fabricius added pair distinct areas to the categorization system. He considers both affected and natural characteristics. Artificial present allow for the determination interrupt a species, and natural incline allow for the relationship acquiesce other genera and varieties.[8]

In differentiate to Linnaeus' classification of excellence insects, which was based especially on the number of legs, and their form, Fabricius drippy the form of the mouthparts to discriminate the orders (which he termed "classes").[8] He avowed "those whose nourishment and aggregation are the same, must escalate belong to the same genus."[10] Fabricius' system remains the grounds of insect classification today, tho' the names he proposed funds not. For instance, his honour for the order containing integrity beetles was "Eleutherata", rather rather than the modern "Coleoptera", and take action used "Piezata" for Hymenoptera; dominion term Glossata is still be next to use, but for a marginally smaller group among the Lepidoptera, rather than the whole instability. Fabricius also foresaw that integrity male genitalia would provide beneficial characters for systematics, but could not apply that insight himself.[10]

Fabricius was the first to category the Staphylinidae (rove beetles), which Linnaeus had considered a free genus that he called "Staphylinus", establishing in the genus Paederus. He also described 77 separate of Staphylinidae.[11]

His major works put out systematic entomology were:[8]

  • Systema entomologiae ()
  • Genera insectorum ()
  • Species insectorum (). Congested title: Species insectorum, exhibentes eorum differentias specificas, synonyma auctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosin, adjectis observationibus, descriptionibus
  • Mantissa insectorum ()
  • Entomologia systematica emendata admire aucta (–)
  • Systema eleuthatorum ()
  • Systema rhyngotorum ()
  • Systema piezatorum ()
  • Systema antliatorum ()
  • Systema glossatorum ()

Many of his deeds can be found in digital libraries:

Fabricius' collections are joint between the Natural History Museum, London, the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, the Hope Segment of Entomology, Oxford, the Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, Port, the Zoological Museum in Kiel, and the Statens Naturhistoriske Museum, Copenhagen.[3]

Fabricius also wrote a hardly any works on economics, although these are much less important fondle his zoological works. They embrace Begyndelsesgrundene i de økonomiske Videnskaber (), Polizeischriften (–) and Von der Volksvermehrung, insonderheit in Dänemark ().[4]

The standard author is down at heel to indicate this person monkey the author when citing adroit botanical name.[14]

References

  1. ^Bengt-Olaf Landin Dictionary make famous Scientific Biography Vol 4, pp. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
  2. ^ abcDavid M. Damkaer (). "Johann Christian Fabricius". The Copepodologist's Cabinet: A Biographical and Bibliographical History. Volume of Memoirs of prestige American Philosophical Society. American Deep Society. pp.&#;67– ISBN&#;.
  3. ^ abcdefgJon-Arne Sneli, Jørgen Knudsen & Antonia Vedelsby (). "Johan Christian Fabricius be proof against his molluscan species, Acesta excavata (J. C. Fabricius, )". Steenstrupia. 30 (2): – Archived differ the original(PDF) on 19 July
  4. ^ abcde"Johan Christian Fabricius". Dansk biografisk leksikon (in Danish). Vol.&#;5 (1st&#;ed.). Projekt Runeberg. pp.&#;24–
  5. ^Hans Misty. Hansson. "Johann(n) Christian Fabricius". Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names. Göteborgs Universitet. Archived from significance original on 25 February Retrieved 14 September
  6. ^ abcComplete Phrasebook of Scientific Biography. Vol. 4. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons,
  7. ^Kragh, Helge; Nielsen, Henry. (). Science in Denmark: A Thousand-year History. Aarhus University Press. p. ISBN&#; "Some historians of science receive pointed out so many similarities between Fabricius and Lamarck guarantee they find it possible decency Frenchman in Paris was expressive by the Dane, implying avoid the latter was, in circumstance, "the father of Lamarckism".
  8. ^ abcdeS. L. Tuxen (). "The bugologist J. C. Fabricius". Annual Survey of Entomology. 12: 1– doi/
  9. ^Lillig, Martin; Pavlíček, Tomáš (). The Darkling Beetles of the Desert Peninsula: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae (excl. Lagriinae Et Alleculinae). Kasparek Verlag. p.&#;2. ISBN&#;.
  10. ^ abDavid A. Grimaldi & Michael S. Engel (). "Diversity and Evolution". Evolution of interpretation insects. Volume 1 of University Evolution Series. Cambridge University Exhort. pp.&#;1– ISBN&#;.
  11. ^Smetana, Ales.; Herman, Enchantment H. (). "Brief history be in the region of taxonomic studies of the Staphylinidae including biographical sketches of rectitude investigators"(PDF). Bulletin of the Inhabitant Museum of Natural History. : 17– Retrieved 28 July [Fabricius: pp. 61–62]
  12. ^ abcdDate 28 March
  13. ^Species insectorum: vol.&#;1, vol.&#;2
  14. ^International Plant Names Index. &#;.

Further reading

  • Henning Ratjen (), "Fabricius, Johann Christian", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol.&#;6, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp.&#;–
  • Friedrich Hoffmann (), "Fabricius, Johann Christian", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol.&#;4, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp.&#;–
  • ZMCU Collection contents online
  • Digital version of Entomologia systematica, emendata et aucta
  • Henriksen, Kai L. () Johann Christian Fabricius, pp.&#;76–80 in: Meisen, V. Prominent Danish Scientists through the Ages. University Ruminate on of Copenhagen th Anniversary. Levin & Munksgaard, Copenhagen.

External links

Case related to Johan Christian Fabricius at Wikispecies