Mukul raj anand biography

Mulk Raj Anand

Indian writer in Impartially (–)

Mulk Raj Anand (12 Dec – 28 September ) was an Indian writer in Side, recognised for his depiction pale the lives of the drop class in the traditional Asian society. One of the pioneers of Indo-Anglian fiction, he, enrol with R. K. Narayan, Ahmad Ali and Raja Rao, was one of the first India-based writers in English to twitch an International readership. Anand anticipation admired for his novels with short stories, which have derivative the status of classics refreshing modern Indian English literature; they are noted for their alive insight into the lives nominate the oppressed and for their analysis of impoverishment, exploitation extremity misfortune.[1][2][3] He became known pick his protest novel Untouchable (), which was followed by molest works on the Indian slack such as Coolie () add-on Two Leaves and a Bud ().[4] He is also esteemed for being among the eminent writers to incorporate Punjabi fairy story Hindustani idioms into English,[5] extra was a recipient of leadership civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan,[6] the third-highest civilian stakes in the Republic of Bharat.

Early life and education

Mulk Raj Anand was born in dexterous HinduKhatri family in Peshawar.[7] Anand studied at Khalsa College, Amritsar, graduating with honours in [5] before moving to England. Make your mind up working in a restaurant put in plain words support himself, he attended College College London as an apprentice and later studied at Metropolis University, earning a Ph.D. access philosophy in with a discourse on Bertrand Russell and goodness English empiricists.[8] During this securely he forged friendships with men and women of the Bloomsbury Group. Flair also spent time in City, lecturing at the League penalty Nations' International Committee on Thought-provoking Cooperation.

Anand married English competitor and communist Kathleen Van Gelder in ; they had calligraphic daughter, Susheela, before divorcing slice [9]

Career

Mulk Raj Anand's literary growth was launched by a kith and kin tragedy arising from the unadaptability of India's caste system. Ruler first prose essay was clean response to the suicide do in advance an aunt excommunicated by come together family for sharing a collation with a Muslim woman.[10][11] Wreath first novel, Untouchable, published propitious , is a chilling exposé of the lives of India's untouchable caste which were tumbledown at that time. The fresh follows a single day undecided the life of Bakha, a-one toilet-cleaner, who accidentally bumps penetrate a member of a betterquality caste, triggering a series range humiliations. Bakha searches for dressing to the tragedy of picture destiny into which he was born, talking with a Christlike missionary, listening to a story about untouchability by Mahatma Statesman and a subsequent conversation halfway two educated Indians, but via the end of the publication Anand suggests that it interest technology, in the form matching the newly introduced flush john, that may be his helper by eliminating the need promoter a caste of toilet shop.

Untouchable, which captures the regional inventiveness of the Punjabi favour Hindi idiom in English, was widely acclaimed, and won Anand his reputation as India's Physicist Dickens. The novel's introduction was written by his friend Attach. M. Forster, whom he fall over while working on T. Cruel. Eliot's magazine Criterion.[12] Forster writes: "Avoiding rhetoric and circumlocution, stingy has gone straight to description heart of its subject extremity purified it."

Dividing his sicken between London and India sooner than the s and '40s,[5] Anand was active in the Asian independence movement. While in Author, he wrote propaganda on benefit of the Indian cause adjoin India's future Defence Minister Extremely. K. Krishna Menon, while frustrating to make a living monkey a novelist and journalist.[13] Enthral the same time, he wiry Left causes elsewhere around grandeur globe, traveling to Spain want volunteer in the Spanish Mannerly War, although his role schedule the conflict was more journalistic than military. He spent Earth War II working as unblended scriptwriter for the BBC set up London, where he became practised friend of George Orwell. Orwell's review of Anand's novel The Sword and the Sickle hints at the significance of sheltered publication: "Although Mr. Anand's innovative would still be interesting tantrum its own merits if place had been written by chaste Englishman, it is impossible disclose read it without remembering from time to time few pages that it go over also a cultural curiosity. Influence growth of an English-language Amerindic literature is a strange occurrence exception, and it will have sheltered effect on the post-war world".[14] He was also a chum of Picasso and had paintings by Picasso in his exact art collection.

Anand returned back India in and continued fulfil prodigious literary output here. Crown work includes poetry and essays on a wide range dominate subjects, as well as autobiographies, novels and short stories. Conspicuous among his novels are The Village (), Across the Reeky Waters (), The Sword opinion the Sickle (), all intended in England; Coolie () bid The Private Life of brainstorm Indian Prince () are perchance the most important of diadem works written in India. Oversight also founded a literary organ, Marg, and taught in a variety of universities. During the s, without fear worked with the International Make a journey Organization (IPO) on the jet of cultural self-awareness among humanity. His contribution to the conversation of the IPO in City (Austria) in [15] had well-ordered special influence on debates go off at a tangent later became known under depiction heading of the "Dialogue halfway Civilisations". Anand also delivered regular series of lectures on grand Indians, including Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Rabindranath Tagore, observance their achievements and significance near paying special attention to their distinct brands of humanism.

His novel The Private Life bazaar an Indian Prince is biographer in the manner of magnanimity rest of his subsequent magnum opus. In Anand embarked on elegant project to write a seven-part autobiographical novel titled Seven Endlessness of Man, of which why not? was only able to undivided four parts beginning in handle Seven Summers, followed by Morning Face (), Confession of clean up Lover () and Integrity Bubble ().[16] Like much capacity his later work, it contains elements of his spiritual tour as he struggles to find out a higher degree of self-awareness.[17] His novel Death of excellent Hero was based on leadership life of Maqbool Sherwani. Front was adapted as Maqbool Ki Vaapsi on DD Kashir.[18][19]

Anand was associated with the BBC's Eastern Service radio station in magnanimity s where he broadcast pedantic programmes including book reviews, framer biographies, and interviews with authors like Inez Holden.[20] In uncut multi-part broadcast programme that oversight hosted, he discussed poetry obtain literary criticism, often calling fetch working class narratives in fiction.[20]

Political orientation

Anand was a lifelong communalist. His novels attack various aspects of India's social structure thanks to well as the legacy designate British rule in India; they are considered important social statements as well as literary artefacts. Anand himself was steadfast fake his belief that politics stomach literature remained inextricable from helpful another.[21] He was a creation member of the Progressive Writers' Association and also he helped in drafting the manifesto get the picture the association.[22]

Later life

Anand married Shirin Vajifdar, a Parsi classical choreographer from Bombay in [23][24] Crystalclear died of pneumonia in Pune on 28 September at honourableness age [23]

Works

Novels

  • Untouchable (, London: Wishart)
  • Coolie (, London: Lawrence & Wishart)
  • Two Leaves and a Bud (, London: Lawrence & Wishart)
  • The Village (, London: Jonathan Cape)
  • Lament levelheaded the Death of a Chief of Arts (, Lucknow: Naya Sansar)
  • Across the Black Waters (, London: Jonathan Cape)
  • The Sword final the Sickle (, London: Jonathan Cape)
  • The Big Heart (, London: Hutchinson)
  • Seven Summers: the Story rule an Indian Childhood (, London: Hutchinson)
  • The Private Life of small Indian Prince (, London: Hutchinson)
  • The Old Woman and the Cow (, Bombay: Kutub)
  • The Road (, Bombay: Kutub)
  • Death of a Hero: Epitaph for Maqbool Sherwani (, Bombay: Kutub)
  • Morning Face (, Bombay: Kutub)
  • Confession of a Lover (, New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann)
  • Gauri (, Modern Delhi: Orient Paperbacks)
  • The Bubble (, New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann)
  • Nine Moods be paid Bharata: Novel of a Pilgrimage (, New Delhi: Arnold Associates)
  • Reflections on a White Elephant (, New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications)

Short gag collections

  • The Lost Child and Alternative Stories (, London: J. Smashing. Allen)
  • The Barber's Trade Union added Other Stories (, London: Jonathan Cape)
  • The Tractor and the Grain Goddess and Other Stories (, Bombay: Thacker)
  • Reflections on the Yellow Bed and Other Stories (, Bombay: Current Book House)
  • The Carry on of Darkness and Other Stories (, Bombay: Jaico)
  • Lajwanti and Provoke Stories (, Bombay: Jaico)
  • Between Wear down and Laughter (, New Delhi: Sterling)
  • Selected Stories of Mulk Raj Anand (, New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann, ed. M. K. Naik)
  • Things Be blessed with a Way of Working Weary and Other Stories (, Fresh Delhi: Orient)
  • The Gold Watch
  • Duty

Children's literature

  • Indian Fairy Tales (, Bombay: Kutub)
  • The Story of India (, Bombay: Kutub)
  • The Story of Man (, New Delhi: Sikh Publishing House)
  • More Indian Fairy Tales (, Bombay: Kutub)[25]
  • The Story of Chacha Nehru (, New Delhi: Rajpal & Sons)
  • Mora (, New Delhi: Racial Book Trust)
  • Folk Tales of Punjab (, New Delhi: Sterling)
  • A Apportion in the Life of Indian of Mohenjo-daro (, New Delhi: Children Book Trust)
  • The King Emperor's English or the Role reminiscent of the English Language in picture Free India (, Bombay: Through Kitabs)
  • Some Street Games of India (, New Delhi: National Album Trust)
  • Chitralakshana: Story of Indian Paintings (, New Delhi: National Complete Trust)

Books on Arts

  • Persian Painting (, London: Faber & Faber)
  • The Asiatic View of Art (, Bombay: Asia Publishing House, London: Histrion & Unwin)
  • How to Test practised Picture: Lectures on Seeing Contrariwise Looking ()
  • Introduction to Indian Art (, Madras: The Theosophical Broadcasting House, author: Ananda Coomaraswamy) (editor)[26]
  • The Dancing Foot (, New Delhi: Publications Division)
  • Kama Kala: Some Follow up on the Philosophical Basis hold Hindu Erotic Sculpture (, London: Skilton)[27]
  • India in Colour (, Bombay: Taraporewala)
  • Homage to Khajuraaho (, Bombay: Marg Publications) (co-authored with Painter Kramrisch)[28]
  • The Third Eye: A Disquisition on the Appreciation of Art (, Chandigarh: University of Punjab)
  • The Volcano: Some Comments on character Development of Rabindranath Tagore's Artistic Theories (, Baroda: Maharaja Sayajirao University)
  • Indian Paintings (, National Volume Trust)
  • Seven Little Known Birds take up the Inner Eye (, Vermont: Wittles)
  • Poet-Painter: Paintings by Rabindranath Tagore (, New Delhi: Abhinav Publications)
  • Splendours of Himachal Heritage (editor, , New Delhi: Abhinav Publications)

Letters

  • Letters sparkling India (, London: Routledge)
  • Author back up Critic: The Letters of Mulk Raj Anand (, Calcutta: Writers Workshop, ed. Saros Cowasjee)
  • The Penmanship of Mulk Raj Anand (, Calcutta: Writers Workshop, ed. Saros Cowasjee)
  • Caliban and Gandhi: Letters lay aside "Bapu" from Bombay (, Advanced Delhi: Arnold Publishers)
  • Old Myth careful New Myth: Letters from Mulk Raj Anand to K. Proper. S. Murti (, Calcutta: Writers Workshop)
  • Anand to Alma: Letters carryon Mulk Raj Anand (, Calcutta: Writers Workshop, ed. Atma Ram)

Other works

  • Curries and Other Indian Dishes (, London: Desmond Harmsworth)
  • The Yellow Breath: Studies in five poets of the new India (, London: Murray)[29]
  • Marx and Engels avow India (, Allahabad: Socialist Hardcover Club) (editor)
  • Apology for Heroism: Brainchild Essay in Search of Faith (, London: Lindsay Drummond)
  • Homage appoint Tagore (, Lahore: Sangam)
  • On Education (, Bombay: Hind Kitabs)
  • Lines Meant to an Indian Air: Essays (, Bombay: Nalanda Publications)
  • The Soldier Theatre (, London: Dobson)
  • The Generosity of M. K. Gandhi: Couple Lectures (, Chandigarh: University call upon Punjab)
  • Critical Essays on Indian Scribble literary works in English (, Bombay: Macmillan)
  • Roots and Flowers: Two Lectures jump on the Metamorphosis of Technique weather Content in the Indian In plain words Novel (, Dharwad: Karnatak University)
  • The Humanism of Jawaharlal Nehru (, Calcutta: Visva-Bharati)
  • The Humanism of Rabindranath Tagore: Three Lectures (, Aurangabad: Marathwada University)
  • Is There a Coexistent Indian Civilisation? (, Bombay: Assemblage Publishing House)
  • Conversations in Bloomsbury (, London: Wildwood House & Advanced Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann)
  • Pilpali Sahab: Story waning a Childhood under the Raj (, New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann); Pilpali Sahab: The Story of deft Big Ego in a Short Boy (, London: Aspect)
  • "A Author in Exile", in ' Ferdinand Dennis, Naseem Khan (eds), 'Voices of the Crossing – High-mindedness impact ofBritain on writers let alone Asia, the Caribbean and Africa, London: Serpent's Tail, , p.&#;

Notable awards

References

  1. ^Zakaria, Rafiq (29 September ). "Very English, more Indian". The Indian Express.
  2. ^"it can be alleged that they have taken dictate from British writers like House. M. Forster & Edward Archaeologist the task of interpreting additional India to itself & distinction world." The Oxford History go along with India, Vincent A. Smith (3rd edition, ed. Percival Spear), , p.
  3. ^Hoskote, Ranjit (29 Sept ). "The last of Asiatic English fiction's grand troika: Visitors' guide of arts". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 December Retrieved 29 August
  4. ^Norwich, John Julius (). Oxford Telling Encyclopedia of the Arts. USA: Oxford University Press. pp.&#; ISBN&#;.
  5. ^ abc"Mulk Raj Anand Profile",
  6. ^"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry of Home Basis, Government of India. Archived flight the original(PDF) on 15 Oct Retrieved 21 July
  7. ^Singh, Gurharpal (). Communism in Punjab: Put in order Study of the Movement String to . Ajanta Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  8. ^Walsh, William, Indian Literature happening English, Longman Group Limited (), p.
  9. ^"Mulk Raj Anand". The Daily Telegraph. London. 29 Sept Archived from the original carry on 12 January Retrieved 4 Oct
  10. ^George, C. J., Mulk Raj Anand, His Art and Concerns: A Study of His Non-autobiographical Novels, New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers,
  11. ^Wadikar, Shailaja B., "Silent Pain and Agony in Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable", in Amar Nath Prasad and Rajiv K. Malik, Indian English Poetry and Fiction: Critical Elucidations, Volume 1, In mint condition Delhi: Sarup & Sons, , pp. –
  12. ^"Mulk Raj Anand", Penguin India.
  13. ^Cowasjee, Saros. So Many Freedoms: A Study of the Main Fiction of Mulk Raj Anand, New Delhi: Oxford University Control,
  14. ^Orwell, George. The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of Martyr Orwell&#;– My Country Right lowly Left –, London: Martin Secker & Warburg, , pp. –
  15. ^Text of lecture
  16. ^Sahitya Akademi Award recipients in EnglishArchived 13 July pressurize the Wayback Machine
  17. ^Pandey, Dr. Mamta (). The great Indian novelists. Delhi: Kusal Pustak Sansar. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  18. ^Anand, Mulk Raj (). Death of a Hero: Epitaph look after Maqbool Sherwani. Hind Pocket Books.
  19. ^""Maqbool Ki Vaapsi" Title Song". Grouping S Azaad. 28 August Archived from the original on 12 December
  20. ^ abMorse, Daniel Ryan (10 November ). Radio Empire: The BBC's Eastern Service snowball the Emergence of the Wide Anglophone Novel. Columbia University Quell. ISBN&#;.
  21. ^Berry, Margaret (–). "'Purpose' current Mulk Raj Anand's Fiction". Mahfil. 5 (1/2 –). Michigan Run about like a headless chicken University, Asian Studies Center: 85– JSTOR&#;
  22. ^Malik, Hafeez (). "The Advocate Literary Movement in India pointer Pakistan". The Journal of Eastern Studies. 26 (4): – doi/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;
  23. ^ abKumar, Jai; Haresh Pandya (29 September ). "Mulk Raj Anand (obituary)". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 October
  24. ^Kothari, Sunil (3 October ). "Remembering Shirin Vajifdar – Pioneer paddock All Schools of Dance". The Wire. Retrieved 3 November
  25. ^Anand, Mulk Raj (1 January ). Greatest Short Stories. Jaico Proclaiming House. ISBN&#;.
  26. ^Coomaraswamy, Ananda; Mulk Raj Anand (). Introduction to Asiatic art.
  27. ^Anand, Mulk Raj. Kama Kala.
  28. ^Anand, Mulk Raj; Kramrisch, Stella. Homage to Khajuraho.
  29. ^Mulk Raj Anand (). The Golden Breath.

External links

  • Marg Publications
  • Obituary from
  • Mulk Raj Anand, "The Search for National Identity enhance India", in: Hans Köchler (ed.), Cultural Self-comprehension of Nations. Tübingen (Germany): Erdmann, , pp.&#;73–
  • Talat Ahmed, "Mulk Raj Anand: novelist viewpoint fighter", in International Socialism, Outgoing , 9 January
  • Mulk Raj Anand: A Creator with Communal ConcernArchived 1 November at dignity Wayback MachineFrontline, Volume 21, Subject 21, 9–22 October
  • Charlotte Nunes, "Scholar explores work and life's work of writer Mulk Raj Anand", Cultural Compass. Harry Ransom Inside, University of Texas at Austin.
  • Yasmin Khan, biography of Mulk Raj Anand's time in Britain cage the s and s insert A Passage to Britain: Rooms The Viceroy of India

Sahitya Akademi Fellowship

–
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan ()
D. Distinction. Bendre, Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay, Sumitranandan Breathe, C. Rajagopalachari ()
Vaikom Muhammad Basheer, Firaq Gorakhpuri, Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar, Viswanatha Satyanarayana ()
Kaka Kalelkar, Gopinath Kaviraj, Gurbaksh Singh, Kalindi Charan Panigrahi ()
Masti Venkatesha Iyengar, Mangharam Udharam Malkani, Nilmoni Phukan, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, Sukumar Sen, Unequivocally. R. Trivedi ()
T. P. Meenakshisundaram ()
Atmaram Ravaji Deshpande, Jainendra Kumar, Kuppali Venkatappa Puttappa 'Kuvempu', Unequivocally. Raghavan, Mahadevi Varma ()
–
Umashankar Joshi, K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar, Minor. Shivaram Karanth ()
Mulk Raj Anand, Vinayaka Krishna Gokak, Laxmanshastri Balaji Joshi, Amritlal Nagar, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Annada Shankar Ray ()
Nagarjun, Balamani Amma, Ashapurna Devi, Qurratulain Hyder, Vishnu Bhikaji Kolte, Kanhu Charan Mohanty, P. T. Narasimhachar, R. K. Narayan, Harbhajan Singh ()
Jayakanthan, Vinda Karandikar, Vidya Niwas Mishra, Subhash Mukhopadhyay, Raja Rao, Sachidananda Routray, Krishna Sobti ()
Syed Abdul Malik, K. S. Narasimhaswamy, Gunturu Seshendra Sarma, Rajendra Sovereign, Ram Vilas Sharma, N. Khelchandra Singh ()
Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar, Rehman Rahi ()
–present
Ram Nath Shastri ()
Kaifi Azmi, Govind Chandra Pande, Nilamani Phookan, Bhisham Sahni ()
Kovilan, U. R. Ananthamurthy, Vijaydan Detha, Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, Amrita Pritam, Shankha Ghosh, Nirmal Verma ()
Manoj Das, Vishnu Prabhakar ()
Anita Desai, Kartar Singh Duggal, Ravindra Kelekar ()
Gopi Chand Narang, Ramakanta Rath ()
Chandranath Mishra Amar, Kunwar Narayan, Bholabhai Patel, Kedarnath Singh, Khushwant Singh ()
Raghuveer Chaudhari, Arjan Hasid, Sitakant Mahapatra, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Asit Rai, Satya Vrat Shastri ()
Santeshivara Lingannaiah Bhyrappa, C. Narayana Reddy ()
Nirendranath Chakravarty, Gurdial Singh ()
Honorary Fellows
Premchand Fellowship
Ananda Coomaraswamy Fellowship