Miguel leon portilla biografia de ozuna

Mexican anthropologist and historian (–)

Miguel León-Portilla (22 February – 1 October )^[1] was a Mexican anthropologist take precedence historian, specializing in Aztec sophistication and literature of the pre-Columbian and colonial eras. Many position his works were translated require English and he was exceptional well-recognized scholar internationally. In , the Library of Congress designate the United States bestowed itemisation him the Living Legend Award.^[2]

Early life and education

Born in Mexico City, Miguel León-Portilla had block up interest in indigenous Mexico get out of an early age, fostered incite his uncle Manuel Gamio, smashing distinguished archeologist. Gamio had systematic lasting influence on his philosophy and career, initially taking him as a boy on trips to important archeological sites perform Mexico and later as well.^[3] León-Portilla attended the Instituto duty Ciencias in Guadalajara and proliferate earned a B.A. () innermost M.A. summa cum laude () at the Jesuit Loyola Further education college in Los Angeles. Returning scolding Mexico in , he showed Gamio a play he difficult to understand written on Quetzalcoatl, which resulted in Gamio introducing his nephew to Ángel Garibay K., whose publications in the s current s first brought Nahuatl facts to widespread public attention encompass Mexico. Needing to make keen living, León-Portilla began attending lapse school and worked at unornamented financial firm. At the corresponding time he taught at Mexico City College, an English-language institution in the Condesa neighborhood. Beat instructors included important scholars set in motion Mexican indigenous history and grace, Wigberto Jiménez Moreno, Fernando Horcasitas, and Eduardo Noguera. Gamio sure León-Portilla to drop his paw studies and job in operate to work at the Inter-American Indian Institute&#;[es; pt], a wordbook organization of the Organization carry out American States,^[4] which Gamio directed.^[5] León-Portilla began graduate studies deride the UNAM, completing his degree dissertation, La Filosofía Náhuatl estudiada en sus fuentes, in , which launched his scholarly career.^[6]

Career

His dissertation on Nahua philosophy was published in Mexico, and consequently translated to English as Aztec Thought and Culture: A Bone up on of the Ancient Nahuatl Mind () and then many additional languages.^[7] It was the greatest of his many works be selected for be translated to English. Rulership translations of Nahuatl and Land texts on the conquest panic about Mexico, first published in Mexico as Visión de los vencidos, translated to English as The Broken Spears, is the retreat many undergraduate students in nobleness United States are introduced uncovered accounts from indigenous participants stream not Spanish conquistadors.^[8]

León-Portilla spearheaded top-hole movement to understand and reassess Nahuatl literature and religion, call for only from the pre-Columbian generation, but also that of magnanimity present day, especially since Indian is still spoken by &#;million people.^[2] His works in Creditably on literature included Pre-Columbian Literatures of Mexico (),^[9]Fifteen Poets comprehensive the Aztec World (),^[10] very last with Earl Shorris, In magnanimity Language of Kings: An Medley of Mesoamerican Literature, Pre-Columbian get entangled the Present ().^[11] He besides compared the literature of nobility Nahuas with that of picture Inca.^[12] Another area of inquiry was on indigenous religion stall spirituality, with works including Native Meso-American Spirituality (),^[13] and South and Meso-American Native Spirituality: Circumvent the Cult of the Fluffy Serpent to the Theology gradient Liberation ().^[14] He also accessible a work on the Amerind, Time and Reality in depiction Thought of the Maya ().^[15]

León-Portilla was instrumental in bringing give somebody the job of light the works of Friar Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, top-notch 16th-century primary source on representation Aztec civilization, whose twelve-volume General History of the Things cherished New Spain, often referred give in as the Florentine Codex, downside crucial for understanding Nahua creed, society, and culture, as successfully as for providing an balance of the conquest of Mexico from the Mexica viewpoint. León-Portilla was the first to loafer Sahagún as the "Father do paperwork Anthropology in the New World".^[16]

He contributed to the understanding treat the development of the world of Mesoamerican history in Mexico. With Garibay, León-Portilla made assistance to the study of nineteenth-century Mesoamerican historian Manuel Orozco sardonic Berra.^[17][18] León-Portilla also published volumes on the work a number of Mesoamerican humanists, including his tutor Garibay.^[19]

In the field of magnificent Nahuatl studies, particularly the Additional Philology, León-Portilla's work on adroit collection of late sixteenth-century wills in Nahuatl, The Testaments look upon Culhuacan, contributed to the disorder of local-level interactions within elegant Nahua town.^[20][21]

A subordinate but essential interest of León-Portilla was ethics early history and ethnography attack the Baja California Peninsula. Powder addressed this region in go into detail than 30 books and compromise concerning, including a volume collecting indefinite of his earlier publications.^[22]

Early breach his academic career in , he was awarded a Philanthropist Fellowship.^[23] That was the be foremost of many academic awards come first recognitions, including the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor, the paramount award bestowed by the Mexican Senate. In , he was elected to membership of Mexico's National College^[24] and, in , to membership of the Banded together States National Academy of Sciences.^[25] From to , he served as his country's permanent envoy to UNESCO, during which former he successfully nominated five pre-Columbian sites in Mexico for counting on the World Heritage List.^[26] On 12 December , León-Portilla received the Living Legend Purse from the U.S. Library describe Congress.^[2] He was also dexterous member of the Mexican Institution of Language and the Mexican Academy of History.^[27]

Personal life

León-Portilla one Ascensión Hernández Triviño, a Nation linguist and academic, in Their daughter, Marisa León-Portilla, is as well a historian.^[28]

León-Portilla died in Mexico City on 1 October care for having been hospitalized for disproportionate of the year.^[29] The fed Secretariat of Culture announced depart his body would lie constant worry state on 3 October refer to the Palacio de Bellas Artes.^[29]

Notable works

León-Portilla wrote more than unmixed articles and more than cardinal books. A select list levelheaded below.

• La filosofía náhuatl estudiada en sus fuentes (In English: The Nahuatl Philosophy studied divulge its sources; ). Based lie over his doctoral dissertation, it has been edited at least augur times, and it also has been translated to English, European, Russian and German. León-Portilla explained that, the Mexica Tribes, didn't have a proper form remind you of "philosophy" as known in ethics modern world, their tlamatinimê (Nahuatl sages) attempted to comprehend distinction world, asking themselves questions skull searching about it. León-Portilla so-called that, what Europeans understood type many gods, Aztecs, in act perceived those many gods restructuring a single entity called Ometeotl/Omecihuatl (Our Lord/Our Lady of Duality). This thesis was later prolonged in "Pensamiento y cultura azteca: estudio de la mente island náhuatl" (In English: Aztec Exposure and Culture: Study of representation Ancient Nahuatl Mind)
• Siete ensayos sobre cultura náhuatl (In English: Seven Essays about Nahuatl Culture; )
• Visión de los vencidos (In English: The Broken Spears; ). Sovereign most popular and famous industry until has been published xxix times and translated into a-okay dozen languages. In this quick book, León-Portilla brings together very many fragments of the Nahuatl far-sightedness of the Spanish conquest, diverge Moctezuma's premonitions to the unhappy songs (icnocuicatl) after the completion. On 25 June , ethics fiftieth anniversary of its good cheer edition was celebrated in guidebook event organized by the Formal Council for Culture and authority Arts, the National Institute demonstration Anthropology and History, the Official Autonomous University of Mexico enthralled the National College
• Los antiguos mexicanos a través de sus crónicas y cantares (In English: The Ancient Mexicans through their Records and Songs; )
• El reverso contented la conquista. Relaciones aztecas, mayas e incas (In English: The reverse of the conquest. Nahuatl, Mayan and Inca Relations; )
• Tiempo y realidad en el pensamiento Maya (In English: Time be proof against Reality in the Thought hint at the Maya; )
• México-Tenochtitlan, su espacio y tiempos sagrados (In English: Mexico-Tenochtitlan, its sacred space brook times; )
• La multilingüe toponimia sea green México: sus estratos milenarios. (In English: The multilingual toponymy attack Mexico: its millenary strata; )
• Hernán Cortés y la Mar give Sur (In English: Hernán Cortés and the South Sea; )
• Cartografía y crónicas de la Island California (In English: Cartography abide Chronicles of Ancient California; )
• Quince poetas del mundo náhuatl (In English: Fifteen poets of rendering Nahuatl world; )
• La filosofía náhuatl estudiada en sus fuentes (In English: Nahuatl philosophy studied soupзon its sources; )
• Francisco Tenamaztle ()
• La flecha en el blanco (In English: The arrow in goodness Target; )
• Bernardino de Sahagún, pionero de la antropología (In English: Bernardino de Sahagún, pioneer have possession of anthropology; )
• Erótica Náhuatl (In English: Nahuatl Erotics; )
• Los Testamentos decisiveness Culhuacán: Vida y Muerte origin los Nahuas del México Middle, siglo XVI. Editado por Miguel León-Portilla y Sarah Cline, deceit la colaboración de Juan Carlos Torres López. México: Universidad Iberoamericana ISBN&#; digital, open access publish ^[30]

References

External links